The ADDIE Model for learning and teaching skills

ADDIE model is an instructional design model that helps instructors, instructional designers and training specialist plan and create instruction. It is used to create all kinds of the instruction, from teaching high school students about the calculus to training doctors how to used state of the art medical equipment. There are 5 context of ADDIE model which is :

• A     - Analysis
• D     - Design
• D     - Development
• I      - Implementation 
• E     - Evaluation 

For analysis phase, it generally consist of four sub-phase which is :

1. Instructional goals
2. Instructional analysis
3. Learner analysis
4. Development of learning objectives    

Developing instructional goals  is first you have to clearly define what the goals of this training would be. Finding out and making a clear instructional goal can save a lot of time and effort. Instructional analysis is a curriculum creator defines and writes out all of the steps necessary to carry out the instructional goals. It is often not as simple as it seems. Learner analysis is what your students already know about the subject at hand. Knowing where your students stand regarding your subject helps you to know how much or how little you teach them. Learning objective is what students should be able to do when instruction is completed like skills, attitude, and knowledge. We have to be very specific and use strong verbs that specific defined students performance. That the end of the courses, students should be able to describe, demonstrate, show, and explain.

For design phase, consist of 3 sub-phase which are :

1. Design assessments
2. Choose a course formal 
3. Create an instructional strategy  

Design assessments is very helpful to know how you are going to test your students knowledge, attitude and skills about your subject when you are creating your instructional materials. It also to design effective assessment you are going to use a lot of what have you learn during the previous ADDIE phase the analysis phase. Next, choose a course formal is called the delivery system that the medium by which the course content is presented to learners. Course can be taught in a traditional classroom setting by correspondence as a telecourse through a self-paced workbook over the internet or in a blended course that combines different methods. For example, students to be tested using PC computers. This would be more effective then to choose a course format that would allow them to use PC computers when you teach them like a computer lab. Create an instructional strategy is the collection of lectures, reading, discussions, project, worksheets, assessments and activities to help the students learn the course content. There are 5 major learning components which are :

1. Pre-instructional activities - a way to motivate your students and plan a way to illustrate the course objective 
2. Content presentation - it not filled with unnecessary details, just stick to the objectives of the class and be sure to includes the example
3. Learner participation - allowing the students to practice a task as well a providing them with feedback
4. Assessment - it is the final assessment, practice assessment and attitude assessment
5. Follow through activities - review of the entire course strategy with an eye toward helping students internalize and apply the instruction after the class is over.

For development phase, there are 3 sub-phase which are:

1. Create a sample instruction
2. Develop the course materials
3.  Conduct a run-through   

After the students through out the analysis and design phase, students will want to create a sample of the instructional materials and show it to you. This may consist of a portion of the map and you are going to create and a paragraph or two of the written instructions you are going to write. As well as the instructional strategy, you develop during the design phase. For example, students show their progress and get your ideas and feedback that can help them for not go to the trouble of your creating all instructional materials. After you and your students sufficiently satisfied with the sample instruction, it is time to dig in and the develop the course material. You should decided it which instructional activities to including during the design phase when you made you instructional strategy. Use that and the sample  instruction you made as a starting point and keep the comments and feedback from your students. After you finish to hold a review session with your students and see their more comments and suggestion. When you have created your course materials and gone through them with your students it will be time to conduct a run through of your instruction. This is the real time rehearsal of the course using all the materials and media that you have created. It is a good idea to prepare a feedback assessment ahead of time as well.

For the implementation phase, there are 3 parts of the implementation phase :

1. Training the instructor
2. Prepare the learners
3. Arrange the learning space

To training the students on the instructional material you are developed, the students have to know the course of objective and activities you plan and be familiar with  all the media and assessments they want to use. Next is preparing the learners for instruction. This means making sure the students have the tools and knowledge necessary to participate in the class. In higher education settings, this means verifying they have taken the proper prerequisites gone through any necessary orientation and trained  on any learning management software that can be utilized in the class. Make sure the learning space is arranged. This means more than just making sure there are enough chairs and desks for everyone.

There are 2 parts to the evaluation phase which are :

1. Formative evaluation
2. Summative evaluation

You have to go through each part of the ADDIE process  and this continual appraisement is called formative evaluation. There are 3 stages of formative evaluation; one-to-one evaluation, small group of evaluation and a field trial. For example, the teacher shown the videos to the students about the basketball to help the students learn the basic rules of basketball. During one-to-one evaluation, you would want to test the effectiveness of this video. Ask them a series questions about the effectiveness of the video. First about the clarity was the massage clear and easy to understand. Then ask the impact was it helpful in reaching the objectives and goals of the class and assess the feasability how practical is the video given the time and context of the class. Next do small group of evaluation. This will help you determine how effective those changes were. As monitor how well your activities work in a group setting. Represent the students with the different sub groups that will participating in your actual course.  The last is field trial, is a real-time rehearsal and setting the similar to actual instructional setting.

The other stage is the summative evaluation which the purpose is to prove the worth of the instruction reaction, learning, behavior, and results. To document the reaction of your students, a good idea to create document more specific reactions about the instruction activities assessments and audio visual. Make your feedback is anonymous and encourages the students to truly express their attitude without  fear of the judgement. Learning is done in the form of the post-test how to achieved your learning objectives. For behavior evaluation, involves measuring the transfer of knowledge skills and attitudes from training context to the actual performance setting. The final results is profits, productivity, morale and job satisfaction.